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The Saudi–Yemen barrier (Arabic:الجدار السعودي اليمني) is a physical barrier constructed by Saudi Arabia along part of its border with Yemen. It is a structure made of pipeline three metres (10 ft) high filled with concrete, acting as a "security barrier along sections of the now fully demarcated border with Yemen"〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= CIA World Factbook: Saudi Arabia )〕 and fitted with electronic detection equipment. Construction of the barrier began in September 2003 in order to counter infiltrations and terrorism. When construction of the barrier began Yemeni government strongly objected, stating that it violated a border treaty signed in 2000. Thus Saudi Arabia agreed to stop construction in February 2004. ==History== In 2000, after 65 years or so of sporadic conflict, Yemen and Saudi Arabia finally agreed on border demarcations by signing the 2000 Jeddah border treaty.〔 Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz, who has also been deputy prime minister and minister of defence, has long managed the Yemen portfolio. For decades, he paid a network of Yemeni contacts and informants, which generated resentment on the Yemeni side about Saudi "meddling". Sultan also headed the small Special Office for Yemen Affairs, which remained the main locus of Saudi Arabia's Yemen policy and patronage throughout the 1980s and 1990s, a role that weakened beginning in 2000. Its annual budget was believed to be $3.5 billion per year until the Treaty of Jeddah was signed in 2000. But even as late as early 2011, the "number of people thought to be receiving subsidies still remained in the thousands, but in April recipients were notified that payments were being terminated".〔Ginny Hill and Gerd Nonneman (May 2011), ("Yemen, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States: Elite Politics, Street Protests and Regional Diplomacy" ), Chatham House Middle East and North Africa Programme Briefing Paper, p. 9〕 The tribal elites Saudi Arabia supports to weaken Yemen central government〔Bernard Haykel, ("Saudi Arabia's Yemen Dilemma: How to Manage an Unruly Client State" ), ''Foreign Affairs'', June 14, 2011; (ungated version ) at CNN〕 are behind the drug trade.〔Michael Horton, ("Yemen's Dangerous Addiction to Qat" ), The JamesTown Foundation〕 Saudi Arabia overreached, according to Yemen, "by accusing Yemeni smugglers of fomenting terrorism" because "homegrown Saudi terrorists—with or without weapons obtained from across the border—cannot be blamed on Yemen".〔("The World's Most Complex Borders: Saudi Arabia/Yemen" ), PBS〕 In February 2004, after extensive Egyptian and U.S. diplomatic efforts, Saudi Arabia decided to halt the construction, and Yemen agreed to take part in joint patrols and to set up watch towers to curb smuggling and infiltration. However, it was reported in October 2006, after plans were revealed of Saudi plans to build another fence along its border with Iraq, that the Saudis have enjoyed "relative success by building a similar, though shorter, security barrier-fence along their southern border with Yemen to cut down on the 400,000 illegal immigrants who cross it every year looking for work in the far more prosperous Saudi state. Saudi authorities also believe that the fence has "made their efforts to prevent the infiltration of revolutionary Islamists through Yemen far easier". In February 2007 the ''Arab Times'' reported that the “Saudis have been quietly pursuing an $8.5 billion project to fence off the full length of its porous border with Yemen for some years”. In January 2008, Saudi authorities commenced construction of a wall along the border in the Harad district. A local sheikh claimed that erection of the wall broke the Jeddah border treaty that established the rights of both Yemeni and Saudi citizens to roam freely. The news website ''Mareb Press'' reported quoted a Yemeni military source saying that Yemeni border guards tried to prevent the construction, but the Saudis mobilized and threatened force if they were unable to commence work. Deep tunnels and concrete arches have been constructed and barbed wire has been laid along the frontiers to the south of the Saudi towns of Towal, Masfaq and Khawjarah. Local sources from Harad stated that over 3,000 tribesmen from nearby gathered to rally against it, claiming their interests would be harmed by preventing them from crossing the border to visit their relatives and cultivate their farms.〔al-Kibsi, Mohammed. ("Saudi authorities erect barriers on Yemeni border" ), ''Yemen Observer'', January 12, 2008〕 In late 2009, the Houthis extended their insurgency into Saudi Arabia when they killed a border guard as revenge for Saudi Arabia allowing the Military of Yemen to launch attacks from its territory. Saudi Arabia responded by deploying the Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia, under the command of Assistant Minister of Defence and Aviation Prince Khaled bin Sultan. The result was deemed "humiliating blow to the Saudis’ well-financed but inexperienced military"—at least 133 Saudi soldiers were killed over three months of fighting.〔 During the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, Saudi Arabia reportedly began removing sections of the Barrier fence along its border with the Sa'dah and Hajjah governorates on 3 April 2015. The purpose of the removal was not immediately clear. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saudi–Yemen barrier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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